to precipitate out metals, the materials that may cause hardness, and silica.

to help facilitate the precipitation, flocculation, or coagulation of any metals and suspended solids

to concentrate secondary solid waste after pretreatment or alongside an evaporator

To remove all the leftover trace amounts of suspended solids and prevent fouling, scaling, and/or corrosion

To remove the bulk of dissolved solids from the water

To further concentrate the reject RO stream or further reduce waste volume

For vaporizing water and other remaining liquids before crystallizer.

To boil off any remaining liquid and produce a dry, solid cake ready for disposal