Wast Preparation, Grinding, and Sorting
Wast Preparation, Grinding, and Sorting
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Occasionally there may be numerous solid particles in the waste generated at the plant or a unit. In this case, it is necessary to reduce the size of these particles for easier management, and the reduction in size can be done through mechanical processes such as crushing, pulverizing, and shredding so that the remaining particles have a similar and homogeneous structure. Size homogeneity is essential for all solid waste sorting processes because the total volume of these solid particles will be reduced and the final sorting efficiency will be much higher. The optimal size for crushed particles is about 5 mm, which can be achieved by performing several successive grinding steps.
Zirsakht Tadbir Arian (ZETA) Company, with the help of appropriate equipment and powerful shredders, undertakes all the steps of the solid waste preparation process. In short, the sorting process is essential and needs to be done so that the waste is ready to go to other stages of waste management. Common methods of preparing and sorting waste are as follows:
Manual Seperation
Air Seperation
Size Reduction
With the proper equipment, maximum separation of solid particles can be achieved. In order to make such a separation, it is necessary to reduce the size of solid particles in the waste to 5 to 10 mm. Another goal of the solid particle size reduction process is to increase the specific surface area of these particles as much as possible. In order to be able to choose the most appropriate method for final shredding and sorting of waste, it is necessary to gather enough information about the following:
Physical properties of materials to be reduced in size (properties such as particle size, structure, hardness, brittleness and fissionability)
Future and possible application of materials (it should be known whether they will enter a chemical or physical process after crushing the particles or not)
The final properties of the material after the crushing process and the properties that we must achieve in the end (properties such as particle size, particle size distribution and average particle size)
Biological management of sludge with the help of aerobic bacteria and digestion is one of the basic steps in the waste management process and in its sorting stage. During these steps, biological processes such as digestion and composting can reduce the proportion of volatile organic matter in the waste and prevent the potential risk of damage to the equipment in later stages.
The appropriate separation, crushing, and sorting method can be selected to reduce the particle size. Each method and each device is suitable for a specific type of waste and choosing the right process will have a completely direct impact on the efficiency of this part of waste management. Degradable materials can be separated from glass, metals, and other inorganic materials by sorting and separating. These materials are usually separated by differences in their physical properties; Properties such as size, density, and magnetic properties that ultimately perform the preparation operations with the help of existing mechanical processes. Crushing or pulverizing solid particles can reduce their size and form a uniform mass of waste that will be ready for separation. This is done with conventional mechanical equipment such as hammer mills or rotary shredders.
Various equipment are used for crushing, grinding, or pulverizing solid waste. Industrial shredders vary in many ways depending on the function they perform. Internal mechanical processes may involve cutting, crushing, hammering, or compression. Many shredders also use vibration and sorting mechanisms. Internal machinery may travel in rotary, lateral or vertical directions. The speed of internal processes is also very different from the materials that the machines deal with. Shredders can be categorized in part according to the type of process or processes they use.
In the following, we will introduce some of these equipment that are also available to ZETA Company:
In grinders, abrasion is used, which is often combined with compressed or powdered materials and is used to produce granular products. Wheels, drums, and plates may be used in this process. Depending on the type of material being operated, these machines may be high-speed or low-speed.
Chippers typically use high-speed rotating blades to reduce material to crust or chips. This equipment may be single-stage or multi-stage machines, and the input feed can be fed manually or automatically. They may also use single or multiple drums or cycles with one or more knives.
Granulators are often used to recycle plastics from manufacturing processes such as mold injection. Instead of using abrasive surfaces, these units use knife parts to cut or lathe particles with the aim of shredding them. These materials can then be easily returned to the production line. Some granulators are equipped with a thermoforming unit that converts the output into scrap or production parts that are easily transported. Granulators have different types depending on their size and mechanism of operation, the type of materials they operate and the place where they are used.
Hammer mills are used to crush or pulverize materials. The most common equipment and configuration of this model of device includes a chamber that has a rotating drum with rotating hammers consisting of bars or chains. Feed usually enters the chamber by gravity, and the output plates control the size of the particles produced. The materials to be hammered, the configuration and design of the equipment, the distribution and the rotational speed of the hammers are among the factors that affect the proper milling.
Shear shredders use rotary knives or guillotine-type knives to cut materials instead of pulverizing, crushing, or crushing them. These equipment are used in different industries and depending on the type of feed, the rotation speed of the blades and the type of application, they can include different types.
Specialty shredders are used to crush special materials. Tire shredders, for example, typically use one or more rotating shafts or screws with interlocking lugs, cams, teeth, or blades. After entering the machine, the tire is placed between the shaft or shafts and the mentioned lugs of the tire are teared into small pieces. These shafts usually rotate at low speeds and under very high torques.
All-purpose shredders are the heart of major demolition operations and many urban recycling programs. These devices usually consist of shafts or drums with low speed and high torque, which are sometimes equipped with hydraulic rams to assist the input feed. Many of these shredders are capable of turning refrigerators, cars, or other large equipment into small parts in a single pass. They are often combined with external systems that remove hazardous liquids, gases, or solids, separate and sort metals, and otherwise prepare shredded materials for disposal or reuse.
Rushed or pulverized waste can be composted in mechanically enclosed facilities. Since some of these solid particles may form a uniform, sticky mass of waste solids, it is necessary to stir the mixture once every few days to provide the air needed for the bacteria to digest the organic matter in the waste. Depending on the intensity of the moisture present, it may take five to eight weeks for the waste to be fully digested. In this case, due to the metabolic function of aerobic bacteria, the temperature in an active compost batch reaches about 65 ° C and kills pathogenic organisms that may be redundant.
ZETA Company, using the latest knowledge in the world, selects the best method and the most efficient process in order to prepare, crush and then sort the waste and manages the waste by using the most suitable equipment available for these processes.
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